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  11. X-Sender: cpreston@briet.sims.berkeley.edu
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  16. Date: Tue, 25 Mar 1997 07:19:26 -0800
  17. To: urn-ietf@bunyip.com
  18. From: Cecilia Preston <cecilia@well.com>
  19. Subject: [URN] draft Bibliographic Identifiers to URNs
  20. Sender: owner-urn-ietf@Bunyip.Com
  21. Precedence: bulk
  22. Reply-To: Cecilia Preston <cecilia@well.com>
  23. Errors-To: owner-urn-ietf@Bunyip.Com
  24.  
  25. As promised for the next meeting.  Cliff, Ron and I are responsible for
  26. content, I am responsible for typos etc.
  27.  
  28.  
  29. --Cecilia
  30.  
  31.  
  32. <fontfamily><param>Times</param><bigger>
  33.  
  34. </bigger></fontfamily><bigger><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Internet
  35. Draft                                Clifford
  36. Lynch</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  37.  
  38. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>draft-ietf-urn-biblio-00.txt
  39.        University of
  40. California</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  41.  
  42. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>22 March 1997          =20
  43.                     Cecilia
  44. Preston</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  45.  
  46. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Expires in six months  =20
  47.                     Preston &
  48. Lynch</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  49.  
  50. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  51.                      Ron Daniel
  52. Jr.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  53.  
  54. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  55.      Los Alamos National
  56. Laboratory</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  57.  
  58.  
  59.  
  60. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>          Using Existing
  61. Bibliographic Identifiers</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  62.  
  63. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  64.     as </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  65.  
  66. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                 =20
  67. Uniform Resource Names</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  68.  
  69.  
  70.  
  71. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Status of this
  72. Document</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  73.  
  74.  
  75. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>This document is an
  76. Internet-Draft.  Internet-Drafts are
  77. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  78.  
  79. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>working documents of the
  80. Internet Engineering Task Force
  81. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  82.  
  83. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>(IETF), its areas, and
  84. its working groups.  Note that other
  85. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  86.  
  87. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>groups may also
  88. distribute working documents as
  89. Internet-</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  90.  
  91. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Drafts.</fontfamily><fontfami=
  92. ly><param>Times</param>
  93.  
  94.  
  95. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Internet-Drafts are
  96. draft documents valid for a maximum of
  97. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  98.  
  99. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>six months and may be
  100. updated, replaced or made obsolete by
  101. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  102.  
  103. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>other documents at any
  104. time.  It is inappropriate to use
  105. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  106.  
  107. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Internet-Drafts as
  108. reference material or to cite them other
  109. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  110.  
  111. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>than as works in
  112. progress. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  113.  
  114.  
  115. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Distribution of this
  116. document is unlimited.  Please send
  117. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  118.  
  119. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>comments to
  120. clifford.lynch@ucop.edu and
  121. cecilia@well.com.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  122.  
  123.  
  124. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>This document does not
  125. specify a standard; it is purely
  126. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  127.  
  128. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>informational.</fontfamily><f=
  129. ontfamily><param>Times</param>
  130.  
  131.  
  132.  
  133. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>0.
  134. Abstract</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  135.  
  136.  
  137. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>A system for Uniform
  138. Resource Names (URNs) must be
  139. capable</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  140.  
  141. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>of supporting
  142. identifiers from existing widely-used naming
  143. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  144.  
  145. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>systems.  This document
  146. discusses how three major
  147. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  148.  
  149. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>bibliographic
  150. identifiers (the ISBN, ISSN and SICI) can be
  151. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  152.  
  153. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>supported within the URN
  154. framework and the currently
  155. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  156.  
  157. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>proposed syntax for
  158. URNs.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  159.  
  160.  
  161.  
  162.  
  163. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  164.                            [Page
  165. 1]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  166.  
  167.  
  168. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>INTERNET
  169. DRAFT:Bibliographic Identifiers as URNs   =20
  170. 3/1997</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  171.  
  172.  
  173.  
  174. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>1.
  175. Introduction</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  176.  
  177.  
  178. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>The ongoing work of
  179. several IETF working groups, most
  180. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  181.  
  182. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>recently in the Uniform
  183. Resource Names working group, has
  184. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  185.  
  186. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>culminated the
  187. development of a syntax for Uniform Resource
  188. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  189.  
  190. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Names (URNs).   The
  191. functional requirements and overall
  192. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  193.  
  194. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>framework for Uniform
  195. Resource Names are specified in RFC
  196. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  197.  
  198. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>1737 [Sollins &
  199. Masinter] and the current proposal for the
  200. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  201.  
  202. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>URN syntax is
  203. draft-ietf-urn-syntax-04.txt
  204. [Moats].</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  205.  
  206.  
  207. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>As part of the
  208. validation process for the development of
  209. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  210.  
  211. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>URNs the IETF working
  212. group has agreed that it is important
  213. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  214.  
  215. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>to demonstrate that the
  216. current URN syntax proposal can
  217. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  218.  
  219. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>accommodate existing
  220. identifiers from well managed
  221. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  222.  
  223. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>namespaces.  One such
  224. well-established infrastructure for
  225. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  226.  
  227. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>assigning and managing
  228. names comes from the bibliographic
  229. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  230.  
  231. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>community.=20
  232. Bibliographic identifiers function as names for
  233. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  234.  
  235. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>objects that exist both
  236. in print and, increasingly, in
  237. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  238.  
  239. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>electronic formats.=20
  240. This Internet draft demonstrates the
  241. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  242.  
  243. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>feasibility of
  244. supporting three representative bibliographic
  245. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  246.  
  247. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>identifiers within the
  248. currently proposed URN framework and
  249. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  250.  
  251. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>syntax.</fontfamily><fontfami=
  252. ly><param>Times</param>
  253.  
  254.  
  255. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Note that this document
  256. does not purport to define the
  257. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  258.  
  259. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>"official" standard way
  260. of doing so; it merely demonstrates
  261. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  262.  
  263. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>feasibility.  It has not
  264. been developed in consultation with
  265. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  266.  
  267. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the standards bodies and
  268. maintenance agencies that oversee
  269. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  270.  
  271. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the existing
  272. bibliographic identifiers.  Any actual Internet
  273. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  274.  
  275. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>standard for encoding
  276. these bibliographic identifiers as
  277. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  278.  
  279. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>URNs will need to be
  280. developed in consultation with the
  281. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  282.  
  283. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>responsible standards
  284. bodies and maintenance
  285. agencies.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  286.  
  287.  
  288. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>In addition, there are
  289. several open questions with regard to
  290. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  291.  
  292. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the management and
  293. registry of Namespace Identifiers (NIDs)
  294. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  295.  
  296. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>for URNs.  For purposes
  297. of illustration, we have used the
  298. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  299.  
  300. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>three NIDs "ISBN",
  301. "ISSN" and "SICI" for the three
  302. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  303.  
  304. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>corresponding
  305. bibliographic identifiers discussed in this
  306. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  307.  
  308. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>document.  While we
  309. believe this to be the most appropriate
  310. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  311.  
  312. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>choice, it is not the
  313. only one.  The NIDs could be based on
  314. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  315.  
  316. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the standards body and
  317. standard number (e.g.
  318. "US-ANSI-NISO-</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  319.  
  320. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Z39.56-1997" rather than
  321. "SICI").  Alternatively, one could
  322. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  323.  
  324. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>lump all bibliographic
  325. identifiers into a single
  326. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  327.  
  328. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>"BIBLIOGRAPHIC" name
  329. space, and structure the
  330. namespace-</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  331.  
  332.  
  333. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  334.                           [Page
  335. 2]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  336.  
  337. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param> INTERNET
  338. DRAFT:Bibliographic Identifiers as URNs   =20
  339. 3/1997</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  340.  
  341.  
  342. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>specific string to
  343. specify which identifier is being
  344. used.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  345.  
  346. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>We do not believe that
  347. these are advantageous approaches,
  348. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  349.  
  350. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>but must wait for the
  351. outcome of namespace management
  352. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  353.  
  354. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>discussions in the
  355. working group. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  356.  
  357.  
  358. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>For the purposes of this
  359. document, we have selected three
  360. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  361.  
  362. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>major bibliographic
  363. identifiers (national and international)
  364. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  365.  
  366. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>to fit within the URN
  367. framework.  These are the
  368. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  369.  
  370. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>International Standard
  371. Book Number (ISBN) [ISO1], the
  372. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  373.  
  374. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>International Standard
  375. Serials Number (ISSN) [NISO1,ISO2,
  376. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  377.  
  378. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>ISO3], and the Serial
  379. Item and Contribution Identifier
  380. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  381.  
  382. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>(SICI) [NISO2].  ISBNs
  383. are used to identify monographs
  384. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  385.  
  386. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>(books).  ISSNs are used
  387. to identify serial publications
  388. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  389.  
  390. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>(journals, newspapers)
  391. as a whole.  SICIs augment the ISSN
  392. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  393.  
  394. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>in order to identify
  395. individual issues of serial
  396. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  397.  
  398. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>publications, or
  399. components within those issues (such as an
  400. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  401.  
  402. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>individual article, or
  403. the table of contents of a given
  404. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  405.  
  406. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>issue).  The ISBN and
  407. ISSN are defined in the United States
  408. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  409.  
  410. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>by standards issued by
  411. the National Information Standards
  412. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  413.  
  414. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Organization (NISO) and
  415. also by parallel international
  416. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  417.  
  418. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>standards issued under
  419. the auspices of the International
  420. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  421.  
  422. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Organization for
  423. Standardization (ISO).  NISO is the
  424. ANSI-</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  425.  
  426. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>accredited standards
  427. body serving libraries, publishers and
  428. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  429.  
  430. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>information services.=20
  431. The SICI code is defined by a NISO
  432. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  433.  
  434. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>document in the United
  435. States and does not have a parallel
  436. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  437.  
  438. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>international standards
  439. document at present. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  440.  
  441.  
  442. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Many other bibliographic
  443. identifiers are in common use (for
  444. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  445.  
  446. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>example, the CODEN,
  447. numbers assigned by major bibliographic
  448. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  449.  
  450. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>utilities such as OCLC
  451. and RLG, national library numbers
  452. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  453.  
  454. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>such as the Library of
  455. Congress Control Number) or are under
  456. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  457.  
  458. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>development.  While we
  459. do not discuss them in this document,
  460. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  461.  
  462. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>many of these will also
  463. need to be supported within the URN
  464. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  465.  
  466. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>framework as it moves to
  467. large scale implementation.  The
  468. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  469.  
  470. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>issues involved in
  471. supporting those additional identifiers
  472. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  473.  
  474. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>are anticipated to be
  475. broadly similar to those involved in
  476. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  477.  
  478. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>supporting ISBNs, ISSNs,
  479. and SICIs.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  480.  
  481.  
  482.  
  483. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>2. Identification vs.
  484. Resolution</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  485.  
  486.  
  487. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>It is important to
  488. distinguish between the resource
  489. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  490.  
  491. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>identified by a URN and
  492. the resources that can reasonably be
  493. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  494.  
  495. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>provided when attempting
  496. to resolve an identifier.=20
  497. =46or</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  498.  
  499.  
  500. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  501.                            [Page
  502. 3]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  503.  
  504.  
  505. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>INTERNET
  506. DRAFT:Bibliographic Identifiers as URNs   =20
  507. 3/1997</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  508.  
  509.  
  510.  
  511. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>example, the ISSN
  512. 0040-781X identifies the
  513. popular</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  514.  
  515. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>"Time".  All of it,
  516. every issue for from the start of
  517. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  518.  
  519. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>publication to present.=20
  520. Resolving such an identifier should
  521. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  522.  
  523. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>not result in the
  524. equivalent of hundreds of thousands of
  525. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  526.  
  527. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>pages of text and photos
  528. being dumped to the user's
  529. machine.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  530.  
  531. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>It is more reasonable
  532. for ISSNs to resolve to a navigational
  533. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  534.  
  535. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>system, such as an
  536. HTML-based search form, so the user may
  537. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  538.  
  539. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>select issues or
  540. articles of interest.  ISBNs and SICIs,
  541. on</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  542.  
  543. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the other hand, do
  544. identify finite, manageably-sized
  545. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  546.  
  547. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>objects, but they may
  548. still be large enough that resolution
  549. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  550.  
  551. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>to a hierarchical system
  552. is appropriate.  </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  553.  
  554.  
  555. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>In addition, the
  556. materials identified by an ISSN, ISBN or
  557. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  558.  
  559. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>SICI may exist only in
  560. printed or other physical form, not
  561. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  562.  
  563. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>electronically.  The
  564. best that a resolver may be able to
  565. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  566.  
  567. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>offer is information
  568. about where to get the physical
  569. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  570.  
  571. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>resource, such as
  572. library holdings or a bookstore or
  573. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  574.  
  575. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>publisher order form.=20
  576. The URN Framework provides resolution
  577. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  578.  
  579. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>services that may be
  580. used to describe any differences
  581. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  582.  
  583. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>between the resource
  584. identified by a URN and the resource
  585. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  586.  
  587. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>that would be returned
  588. as a result of resolving that
  589. URN.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  590.  
  591.  
  592.  
  593. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>3. International
  594. Standard Book Numbers</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  595.  
  596.  
  597. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>3.1
  598. Overview</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  599.  
  600.  
  601. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>An International
  602. Standard Book Number (ISBN) identifies an
  603. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  604.  
  605. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>edition of a monographic
  606. work.  The ISBN is defined by the
  607. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  608.  
  609. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>standard NISO/ANSI/ISO
  610. 2108:1992 [ISO 1]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  611.  
  612.  
  613. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Basically, an ISBN is a
  614. ten-digit number (actually, the last
  615. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  616.  
  617. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>digit can be the letter
  618. "X" as well, as described below)
  619. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  620.  
  621. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>which is divided into
  622. four variable length parts usually
  623. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  624.  
  625. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>separated by hyphens
  626. when printed.  The parts are as follows
  627. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  628.  
  629. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>(in this order):
  630. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  631.  
  632.  
  633. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>* a group identifier
  634. which specifies a group of publishers,
  635. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  636.  
  637. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>based on national,
  638. geographic or some other
  639. criteria,</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  640.  
  641.  
  642. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>* the publisher
  643. identifier,</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  644.  
  645.  
  646. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  647.                           [Page
  648. 4]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  649.  
  650.  
  651. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>INTERNET
  652. DRAFT:Bibliographic Identifiers as URNs   =20
  653. 3/1997</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  654.  
  655.  
  656.  
  657. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>* the title
  658. identifier,</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  659.  
  660.  
  661. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>* and a modulus 11 check
  662. digit, using X in lieu of
  663. 10.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  664.  
  665.  
  666. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>The group and publisher
  667. number assignments are managed in
  668. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  669.  
  670. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>such a way that the
  671. hyphens are not needed to parse the ISBN
  672. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  673.  
  674. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>unambiguously into its
  675. constituent parts.  However, the ISBN
  676. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  677.  
  678. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>is normally transmitted
  679. and displayed with hyphens to make
  680. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  681.  
  682. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>it easy for human beings
  683. to recognize these parts without
  684. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  685.  
  686. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>having to make reference
  687. to or have knowledge of the number
  688. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  689.  
  690. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>assignments for group
  691. and publisher
  692. identifiers.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  693.  
  694.  
  695. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>3.2 Encoding
  696. Considerations</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  697.  
  698.  
  699. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Embedding ISBNs within
  700. the URN framework presents no
  701. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  702.  
  703. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>particular coding
  704. problems, since all of the characters that
  705. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  706.  
  707. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>can appear in an ISBN
  708. are valid in the identifier segment of
  709. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  710.  
  711. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the URN.  %-encoding is
  712. never needed.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  713.  
  714.  
  715. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Example:
  716. URN:ISBN:0-395-36341-1</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  717.  
  718.  
  719. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>For the ISBN namespace,
  720. some additional equivalence rules
  721. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  722.  
  723. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>are appropriate.  Prior
  724. to comparing two ISBN URNs for
  725. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  726.  
  727. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>equivalence, it is
  728. appropriate to remove all hyphens, and to
  729. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  730.  
  731. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>convert any occurrences
  732. of the letter X to upper
  733. case.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  734.  
  735.  
  736. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>3.3 Additional
  737. considerations</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  738.  
  739.  
  740. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>The ISBN standard and
  741. related community implementation
  742. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  743.  
  744. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>guidelines define when
  745. different versions of a work should
  746. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  747.  
  748. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>be assigned the same or
  749. differing ISBNs.  In actuality,
  750. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  751.  
  752. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>however, practice varies
  753. somewhat depending on publisher as
  754. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  755.  
  756. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>to whether different
  757. ISBNs are assigned for paperbound vs.
  758. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  759.  
  760. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>hardbound versions of
  761. the same work, electronic vs. printed
  762. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  763.  
  764. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>versions of the same
  765. work, or versions of the same work
  766. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  767.  
  768. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>published for example in
  769. the US and in Europe.  The choice
  770. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  771.  
  772. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>of whether to assign a
  773. new ISBN or to reuse an existing one
  774. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  775.  
  776. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>when publishing a
  777. revised printing of an existing edition of
  778. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  779.  
  780. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>a work or even a revised
  781. edition of a work is
  782. somewhat</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  783.  
  784. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>subjective.  Practice
  785. varies from publisher to publisher
  786. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  787.  
  788. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>(indeed, the distinction
  789. between a revised printing and a
  790. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  791.  
  792. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>new edition is itself
  793. somewhat subjective).  The use of
  794. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  795.  
  796.  
  797. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  798.                            [Page
  799. 5]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  800.  
  801.  
  802. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>INTERNET
  803. DRAFT:Bibliographic Identifiers as URNs   =20
  804. 3/1997</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  805.  
  806.  
  807.  
  808. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>ISBNs within the URN
  809. framework simply reflects these
  810. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  811.  
  812. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>existing practices.=20
  813. Note that it is likely that an ISBN URN
  814. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  815.  
  816. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>will often resolve to
  817. many instances of the work (many
  818. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  819.  
  820. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>URLs).</fontfamily><fontfamil=
  821. y><param>Times</param>
  822.  
  823.  
  824.  
  825. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>4. International
  826. Standard Serials Numbers</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  827.  
  828.  
  829. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>4.1
  830. Overview</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  831.  
  832.  
  833. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>International Standard
  834. Serials Numbers (ISSN) identify a
  835. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  836.  
  837. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>work that is being
  838. published on a continued basis in issues;
  839. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  840.  
  841. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>they identify the entire
  842. (often open-ended, in the case of
  843. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  844.  
  845. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>an actively published)
  846. work.  ISSNs are defined by the
  847. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  848.  
  849. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>standards ISO 3297:1986
  850. [ISO 2] and ISO/DIS 3297 [ISO 3] and
  851. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  852.  
  853. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>within the United States
  854. by NISO Z39.9-1992 [NISO 1].  The
  855. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  856.  
  857. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>ISSN International
  858. Centre is located in Paris and
  859. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  860.  
  861. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>coordinates a network of
  862. regional centers.  The National
  863. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  864.  
  865. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Serials Data Program
  866. within the Library of Congress is the
  867. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  868.  
  869. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>US Center of this
  870. network.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  871.  
  872.  
  873. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>ISSNs have the form
  874. NNNN-NNNN where N is a digit, the last
  875. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  876.  
  877. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>digit may be an upper
  878. case X as the result of the check
  879. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  880.  
  881. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>character calculation.=20
  882. Unlike the ISBN the ISSN components
  883. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  884.  
  885. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>do not have much
  886. structure; blocks of numbers are passed out
  887. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  888.  
  889. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>to the regional centers
  890. and publishers.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  891.  
  892.  
  893. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>4.2 Encoding
  894. Considerations</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  895.  
  896.  
  897. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Again, there is no
  898. problem representing ISSNs in the
  899. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  900.  
  901. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>namespace-specific
  902. string of URNs since all characters valid
  903. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  904.  
  905. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>in the ISSN are valid in
  906. the namespace-specific URN string,
  907. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  908.  
  909. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>and %-encoding is never
  910. required. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  911.  
  912.  
  913. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Example:
  914. URN:ISSN:1046-8188</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  915.  
  916.  
  917. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Supplementary comparison
  918. rules are also appropriate for the
  919. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  920.  
  921. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>ISSN namespace.  Just as
  922. for ISBNs, hyphens should be
  923. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  924.  
  925. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>dropped prior to
  926. comparison and occurrences of 'x'
  927. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  928.  
  929. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>normalized to
  930. uppercase.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  931.  
  932.  
  933.  
  934. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  935.                            [Page
  936. 6]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  937.  
  938.  
  939.  
  940. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>INTERNET
  941. DRAFT:Bibliographic Identifiers as URNs   =20
  942. 3/1997</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  943.  
  944.  
  945.  
  946. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>4.3 Additional
  947. Considerations</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  948.  
  949.  
  950. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>The ISSN standard and
  951. related community implementation
  952. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  953.  
  954. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>guidelines specify when
  955. new ISSNs should be assigned vs.
  956. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  957.  
  958. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>continuing to use an
  959. existing one.  There are some
  960. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  961.  
  962. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>publications where
  963. practice within the bibliographic
  964. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  965.  
  966. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>community varies from
  967. site to site, such as annuals or
  968. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  969.  
  970. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>annual conference
  971. proceedings.  In some cases these are
  972. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  973.  
  974. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>treated as serials and
  975. ISSNs are used, and in some cases
  976. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  977.  
  978. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>they are treated as
  979. monographs and ISBNs are used.  For
  980. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  981.  
  982. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>example SIGMOD Record
  983. volume 24 number 2 June 1995 contains
  984. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  985.  
  986. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the Proceedings of the
  987. 1995 ACM SIGMOD International
  988. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  989.  
  990. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Conference on Management
  991. of Data.  If you subscribe to the
  992. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  993.  
  994. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>journal (ISSN 0163-5808)
  995. this is simply the June issue.  On
  996. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  997.  
  998. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the other hand you may
  999. have acquired this volume as the
  1000. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1001.  
  1002. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>conference proceedings
  1003. (a monograph) and as such would use
  1004. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1005.  
  1006. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the ISBN 0-89791-731-6
  1007. to identify the work.  There are also
  1008. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1009.  
  1010. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>varying practices within
  1011. the publishing community as to when
  1012. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1013.  
  1014. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>new ISSNs are assigned
  1015. due to the change in the name of a
  1016. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1017.  
  1018. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>periodical (Atlantic
  1019. becomes Atlantic Monthly); or when a
  1020. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1021.  
  1022. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>periodical is published
  1023. both in printed and electronic
  1024. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1025.  
  1026. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>versions (The New York
  1027. Times).  The use of ISSNs as URNs
  1028. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1029.  
  1030. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>will reflect these
  1031. judgments and practices.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1032.  
  1033.  
  1034.  
  1035. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>5. Serial Item and
  1036. Contribution Identifiers</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1037.  
  1038.  
  1039. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>5.1
  1040. Overview</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1041.  
  1042.  
  1043. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>The standard for Serial
  1044. Item and Contribution Identifiers
  1045. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1046.  
  1047. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>(SICI) has recently been
  1048. extensively revised and is defined
  1049. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1050.  
  1051. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>by NISO/ANSI Z39.56-1997
  1052. [NISO 2].  The maintenance agency
  1053. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1054.  
  1055. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>for the SICI code is the
  1056. UnCover Corporation.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1057.  
  1058.  
  1059. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>SICI codes can be used
  1060. to identify an issue of a serial, or
  1061. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1062.  
  1063. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>a specific contribution
  1064. (i.e., an article, or the table of
  1065. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1066.  
  1067. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>contents) within an
  1068. issue of a serial.  SICI codes are not
  1069. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1070.  
  1071. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>assigned, they are
  1072. constructed based on information about
  1073. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1074.  
  1075. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the issue or issue
  1076. component in question.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1077.  
  1078.  
  1079. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>The complete syntax for
  1080. the SICI code will not be discussed
  1081. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1082.  
  1083. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>here; see NISO/ANSI
  1084. Z39.56-1997 for details.  However an
  1085. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1086.  
  1087. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>example and brief review
  1088. of the major components is
  1089. needed</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1090.  
  1091.  
  1092. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  1093.                            [Page
  1094. 7]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1095.  
  1096.  
  1097. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>INTERNET
  1098. DRAFT:Bibliographic Identifiers as URNs   =20
  1099. 3/1997</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1100.  
  1101.  
  1102.  
  1103. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>to understand the
  1104. relationship with the ISSN and how this
  1105. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1106.  
  1107. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>identifier differs.  An
  1108. example of a SICI code
  1109. is:</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1110.  
  1111.  
  1112. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>0015-6914(19960101)157:1<<62:=
  1113. KTSW>2.0.TX;2-F</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1114.  
  1115.  
  1116. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>The first nine
  1117. characters are the ISSN identifying the
  1118. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1119.  
  1120. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>serial title.  The
  1121. second component, in parentheses, is the
  1122. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1123.  
  1124. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>chronology information
  1125. giving the date the particular serial
  1126. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1127.  
  1128. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>issue was published.  In
  1129. this example that date was January
  1130. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1131.  
  1132. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>1, 1996.  The third
  1133. component, 157:1, is enumeration
  1134. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1135.  
  1136. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>information (volume,
  1137. number) on the particular issue of the
  1138. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1139.  
  1140. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>serial.  These three
  1141. components comprise the "item segment"
  1142. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1143.  
  1144. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>of a SICI code.  By
  1145. augmenting the ISSN with the chronology
  1146. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1147.  
  1148. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>and/or enumeration
  1149. information, specific issues of the
  1150. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1151.  
  1152. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>serial can be
  1153. identified.  The next segment, <<62:KTSW>,
  1154. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1155.  
  1156. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>identifies a particular
  1157. contribution within the issue.  In
  1158. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1159.  
  1160. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>this example we provide
  1161. the starting page number and a title
  1162. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1163.  
  1164. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>code constructed from
  1165. the initial characters of the title.
  1166. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1167.  
  1168. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Identifiers assigned to
  1169. a contribution can be used in the
  1170. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1171.  
  1172. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>contribution segment if
  1173. page numbers are inappropriate.  The
  1174. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1175.  
  1176. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>rest of the identifier
  1177. is the control segment, which
  1178. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1179.  
  1180. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>includes a check
  1181. character.  Interested readers are
  1182. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1183.  
  1184. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>encouraged to consult
  1185. the standard for an explanation of the
  1186. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1187.  
  1188. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>fields in that
  1189. segment.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1190.  
  1191.  
  1192. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>5.2 Encoding
  1193. Considerations</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1194.  
  1195.  
  1196. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>The character set for
  1197. SICIs is intended to be
  1198. email-</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1199.  
  1200. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>transport-transparent,
  1201. so it does not present major
  1202. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1203.  
  1204. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>problems.  However, all
  1205. printable excluded and reserved
  1206. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1207.  
  1208. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>characters from the URN
  1209. syntax draft are valid in the SICI
  1210. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1211.  
  1212. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>character set and must
  1213. be %-encoded.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1214.  
  1215.  
  1216. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Example of a SICI for an
  1217. issue of a journal</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1218.  
  1219.  
  1220. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>   =20
  1221. URN:SICI:1046-8188(199501)13:1%3C%3E1.0.TX;2-F</fontfamily><fontfamily><para=
  1222. m>Times</param>
  1223.  
  1224.  
  1225. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>For an article contained
  1226. within that issue</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1227.  
  1228.  
  1229. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>   =20
  1230. URN:SICI:1046-8188(199501)13:1%3C69:FTTHBI%3E2.0.TX;2-4</fontfamily><fontfam=
  1231. ily><param>Times</param>
  1232.  
  1233.  
  1234.  
  1235. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  1236.                            [Page
  1237. 8]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1238.  
  1239.  
  1240. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>INTERNET
  1241. DRAFT:Bibliographic Identifiers as URNs   =20
  1242. 3/1997</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1243.  
  1244.  
  1245.  
  1246. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Special equivalence
  1247. rules for SICIs are not appropriate for
  1248. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1249.  
  1250. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>definition as part of
  1251. the namespace and incorporation in
  1252. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1253.  
  1254. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>areas such as cache
  1255. management algorithms.  These are best
  1256. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1257.  
  1258. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>left to resolver systems
  1259. which try to determine if two SICIs
  1260. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1261.  
  1262. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>refer to the same
  1263. content.  Consequently, we do not propose
  1264. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1265.  
  1266. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>any specific rules for
  1267. equivalence testing through lexical
  1268. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1269.  
  1270. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>manipulation.</fontfamily><fo=
  1271. ntfamily><param>Times</param>
  1272.  
  1273.  
  1274. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>5.3 Additional
  1275. Considerations</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1276.  
  1277.  
  1278. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Since the serial is
  1279. identified by an ISSN, some of the
  1280. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1281.  
  1282. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>ambiguity currently
  1283. found in the assignment of ISSNs carries
  1284. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1285.  
  1286. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>over into SICI codes.=20
  1287. In cases where an ISSN may refer to a
  1288. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1289.  
  1290. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>serial that exists in
  1291. multiple formats, the SICI contains a
  1292. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1293.  
  1294. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>qualifier that specifies
  1295. the format type (for example,
  1296. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1297.  
  1298. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>print, microform, or
  1299. electronic).  SICI codes may be
  1300. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1301.  
  1302. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>constructed from a
  1303. variety of sources (the actual issue of
  1304. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1305.  
  1306. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>the  serial, a citation
  1307. or a record from an abstracting
  1308. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1309.  
  1310. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>service) and, as such
  1311. are based on the principle of using
  1312. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1313.  
  1314. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>all available
  1315. information, so there may be multiple SICI
  1316. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1317.  
  1318. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>codes representing the
  1319. same article [NISO2, Appenidx D].=20
  1320. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1321.  
  1322. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>For example, one code
  1323. might be constructed with access to
  1324. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1325.  
  1326. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>both chronology and
  1327. enumeration (that is, date of issue and
  1328. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1329.  
  1330. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>volume, issue and page
  1331. number), another code might be
  1332. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1333.  
  1334. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>constructed based only
  1335. on enumeration information and
  1336. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1337.  
  1338. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>without benefit of
  1339. chronology.  Systems that use SICI codes
  1340. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1341.  
  1342. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>employ complex matching
  1343. algorithms to try to match SICI
  1344. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1345.  
  1346. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>codes constructed from
  1347. incomplete information to SICI codes
  1348. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1349.  
  1350. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>constructed with the
  1351. benefit of all relevant
  1352. information.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1353.  
  1354.  
  1355. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>6. Security
  1356. Considerations</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1357.  
  1358.  
  1359. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>This document proposes
  1360. means of encoding several existing
  1361. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1362.  
  1363. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>bibliographic
  1364. identifiers within the URN framework.  It does
  1365. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1366.  
  1367. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>not discuss resolution;
  1368. thus questions of secure or
  1369. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1370.  
  1371. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>authenticated resolution
  1372. mechanisms are out of scope.  It
  1373. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1374.  
  1375. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>does not address means
  1376. of validating the integrity or
  1377. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1378.  
  1379. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>authenticating the
  1380. source or provenance of URNs that contain
  1381. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1382.  
  1383. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>bibliographic
  1384. identifiers.  Issues regarding intellectual
  1385. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1386.  
  1387. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>property rights
  1388. associated with objects identified by
  1389. the</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1390.  
  1391. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>various bibliographic
  1392. identifiers are also beyond the scope
  1393. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1394.  
  1395. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>of this document, as are
  1396. questions about rights to the
  1397. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1398.  
  1399. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>databases that might be
  1400. used to construct
  1401. resolvers.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1402.  
  1403.  
  1404. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  1405.                            [Page
  1406. 9]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1407.  
  1408.  
  1409. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>INTERNET
  1410. DRAFT:Bibliographic Identifiers as URNs   =20
  1411. 3/1997</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1412.  
  1413.  
  1414. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>7.
  1415. References</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1416.  
  1417.  
  1418. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>[ISO1] NISO/ANSI/ISO
  1419. 2108:1992 Information and documentation
  1420. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1421.  
  1422. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>       -- International
  1423. standard book number
  1424. (ISBN)</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1425.  
  1426. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>[ISO2] ISO 3297:1986
  1427. Documentation -- International standard
  1428. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1429.  
  1430. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>       serial numbering
  1431. (ISSN)</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1432.  
  1433. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>[ISO3] ISO/DIS 3297
  1434. Information and documentation --
  1435. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1436.  
  1437. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>       International
  1438. standard serial numbering (ISSN)
  1439. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1440.  
  1441. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>       (Revision of ISO
  1442. 3297:1986)</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1443.  
  1444. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>[Moats] R. Moats, "URN
  1445. Syntax"
  1446. draft-ietf-urn-syntax-</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1447.  
  1448. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>       04.text. March
  1449. 1997</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1450.  
  1451. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>[NISO 1] NISO/ANSI
  1452. Z39.9-1992 International standard
  1453. serial</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1454.  
  1455. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>       numbering
  1456. (ISSN)</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1457.  
  1458. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>[NISO 2] NISO/ANSI
  1459. Z39.56-1997 Serial Item and
  1460. Contribution</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1461.  
  1462. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>     =20
  1463. Identifier</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1464.  
  1465. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>[Sollins & Masinter] K.
  1466. Sollins and L. Masinter,
  1467. "Functional</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1468.  
  1469. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>       Requirements for
  1470. Uniform Resource Names", RFC 1737
  1471. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1472.  
  1473. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>       December
  1474. 1994.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1475.  
  1476.  
  1477. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>8. Author's
  1478. Addresses</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1479.  
  1480.  
  1481. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Clifford
  1482. Lynch</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1483.  
  1484. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>University of California
  1485. Office of the President</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1486.  
  1487. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>300 Lakeside Drive, 8th
  1488. floor</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1489.  
  1490. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Oakland CA
  1491. 94612-3550</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1492.  
  1493. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>clifford.lynch@ucop.edu</font=
  1494. family><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1495.  
  1496.  
  1497. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Cecilia
  1498. Preston</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1499.  
  1500. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Preston &
  1501. Lynch</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1502.  
  1503. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>PO Box
  1504. 8310</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1505.  
  1506. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Emeryville, CA
  1507. 94662</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1508.  
  1509. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>cecilia@well.com</fontfamily>=
  1510. <fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1511.  
  1512.  
  1513. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Ron Daniel
  1514. Jr.</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1515.  
  1516. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Advanced Computing Lab,
  1517. MS B287</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1518.  
  1519. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Los Alamos National
  1520. Laboratory</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1521.  
  1522. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>Los Alamos, NM,
  1523. 87545</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1524.  
  1525. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>voice: +1 505 665
  1526. 0597</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1527.  
  1528. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>fax: +1 505 665
  1529. 4939</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1530.  
  1531. <bigger>http://www.acl.lanl.gov/~rdaniel</bigger>
  1532.  
  1533.  
  1534.  
  1535.  
  1536.  
  1537. </fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Courier</param>                       =20
  1538.                           [Page
  1539. 10]</fontfamily><fontfamily><param>Times</param>
  1540.  
  1541. </fontfamily></bigger>
  1542.  
  1543.